Colombia: what difference does high-altitude farming make?

Altitude in Colombia

If you are familiar with coffee, you have certainly heard of the famous Colombian coffee… But do we know the particularities of this giant among producing countries?

One of Colombia's unique features is its high altitude, where coffee plantations can be found. Not every country is lucky enough to be crossed by the Andes Mountains!

Moreover, coffee production can be found up to 2000 meters above sea level.

But why is the altitude of the vineyards such a big deal? Is it really a determining factor in the flavor profile? The answer is yes, in part…

Taste-wise!

Coffees grown at high altitudes are said to be more acidic and have a more complex aroma. You'll therefore get more different flavor profiles in the same cup. Conversely, coffees grown at lower altitudes are considered to have a simpler aromatic profile. You'll get a clean taste, without aftertaste or acidity, and perhaps even an earthy profile (which can be an advantage for some! For a strong espresso blend, for example...).

The farmers' choice…

Altitude will play a role in the size, density of the grain and the maturation time before harvesting.

Altitude is directly linked to differences in taste, as it often influences producers' choice of plant types. We're talking about the famous Arabica vs. Robusta debate here… Farmers tend to plant Arabica coffee at higher altitudes because this variety prefers cooler air and slight temperature variations, factors found at higher elevations. With an average annual temperature of 18 degrees Celsius at altitude in the Andes, heat is not a threat to the plants. This variety will therefore grow more slowly, which partly explains the high density and shape of Arabica beans.

At lower altitudes, robusta plants are more common. This type of plant thrives in warm conditions and grows and produces quickly. As a result, the grain density is lower. Farmers at lower altitudes prefer to work with this plant for its commercial value and high yield.

In short, altitude is just one of many factors that influence the taste of a cup of coffee. One only has to think about the roasting process, the brewing method used, the freshness of the coffee, and the barista himself…